Explore Jokhang Temple: Lhasa's Sacred Pilgrimage Site
The Jokhang Temple stands as the spiritual heart of Lhasa, Tibet. More than just a temple, it’s a vibrant center of pilgrimage, a repository of ancient art, and a living testament to Tibetan Buddhism. A visit to Lhasa is incomplete without experiencing the profound atmosphere of the Jokhang. For a complete overview, see our main guide to Lhasa.
History and Significance
The Jokhang Temple’s history stretches back to the 7th century, founded by King Songtsen Gampo to house religious scriptures and statues brought to Tibet by his two wives, Princess Wencheng of China and Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal. The temple’s construction marked a pivotal moment in the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet. Over the centuries, it has been expanded and renovated, incorporating architectural styles from Tibet, Nepal, China, and India. The Jokhang Temple’s history is intertwined with the development of Tibetan Buddhism, and it remains the most revered temple in Tibet. Pilgrims travel from across the Tibetan plateau to prostrate themselves before its sacred image.
Architecture and Design
The Jokhang Temple’s architecture is a stunning fusion of Tibetan, Nepalese, and Chinese styles. Its multi-storied structure features gilded roofs, intricate carvings, and vibrant murals. The layout follows a mandala design, with various chapels and halls dedicated to different deities and bodhisattvas. The use of wood and stone, combined with the colorful paintings and textiles, creates a visually rich and spiritually evocative space. The Jokhang Temple architecture reflects the cultural exchange that has shaped Tibetan Buddhism.
Jowo Shakyamuni Statue
The heart of the Jokhang Temple is the Jowo Shakyamuni statue, believed to have been crafted during the Buddha’s lifetime. This precious image was brought to Tibet by Princess Wencheng and is considered the most sacred Buddha statue in Tibet. Pilgrims queue for hours to offer prayers and katas (ceremonial scarves) before the Jowo Shakyamuni, believing it possesses immense blessings. The statue is adorned with gold and jewels, a testament to the devotion of generations of Tibetans.
Chapels and Murals
The Jokhang Temple is home to numerous chapels, each dedicated to different deities and bodhisattvas. These chapels are adorned with stunning murals depicting scenes from the Buddha’s life, tantric deities, and historical events. The murals are not only works of art but also visual narratives that convey Buddhist teachings. Exploring the chapels and studying the murals offers a deeper understanding of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and iconography.
Kora Around the Temple
One of the most significant rituals at the Jokhang Temple is the kora, a circumambulation of the temple. Pilgrims walk clockwise around the Jokhang, spinning prayer wheels and chanting mantras. This act of devotion is believed to accumulate merit and purify negative karma. The kora route follows Barkhor Street, creating a vibrant atmosphere of prayer and commerce.
Butter Lamp Offerings
Butter lamps are an integral part of Tibetan Buddhist practice, symbolizing the light of wisdom dispelling the darkness of ignorance. At the Jokhang Temple, pilgrims offer butter lamps to accumulate merit and express their devotion. The flickering flames create a mesmerizing spectacle, filling the temple with a warm and sacred ambiance. The Jokhang Temple rituals provide a powerful experience for visitors.
Barkhor Street
Barkhor Street encircles the Jokhang Temple and is a vibrant hub of activity. It’s a place where pilgrims, monks, and locals converge, creating a unique cultural atmosphere. Barkhor Street is also a shopper’s paradise, offering a wide array of Tibetan handicrafts, religious items, and souvenirs. You can read more about it in our guide to Barkhor Street: A Pilgrim’s Path and Shopper’s Paradise in Lhasa.
Shops and Stalls
Barkhor Street is lined with shops and stalls selling everything from prayer wheels and incense to Tibetan clothing and jewelry. Bargaining is common, and it’s a great place to find unique souvenirs. The shops and stalls on Barkhor Street reflect the rich cultural heritage of Tibet and offer a glimpse into the daily lives of its people.
Pilgrims and Locals
The atmosphere of Barkhor Street is defined by the constant flow of pilgrims circumambulating the Jokhang Temple. Their devotion and faith are palpable, creating a spiritually charged environment. Intermingled with the pilgrims are locals going about their daily lives, adding to the vibrant tapestry of Barkhor Street.
Respectful Behavior
When visiting the Jokhang Temple, it’s essential to dress respectfully, covering shoulders and knees. Remove hats and sunglasses when entering the temple. Avoid loud conversations and refrain from touching the statues or murals. Photography is restricted in certain areas, so be sure to check the signs.
Photography Restrictions
Photography is generally not allowed inside the main chapels of the Jokhang Temple. However, you can usually take photos in the courtyard and on the rooftop. Always ask permission before taking photos of monks or pilgrims. Be mindful of the sacredness of the space and avoid using flash photography.
