Rou Jia Mo: China's Savory 'Hamburger'

For travelers seeking a taste of authentic street food in China, rou jia mo (肉夹馍) is a must-try. Often called the “Chinese hamburger,” this simple yet satisfying sandwich is packed with flavor and represents a delicious piece of regional culinary tradition.

What is Rou Jia Mo?

Rou jia mo literally translates to “meat sandwiched in bread.” It consists of stewed meat (most commonly pork, but sometimes beef or lamb) that is finely chopped and then stuffed into a mo (馍), a type of flatbread. The mo can vary in texture, but it’s typically a baked or griddle-cooked bun that’s dense and slightly chewy.

Where Does Rou Jia Mo Come From?

Rou jia mo is a specialty of Shaanxi province, in northwestern China. It’s particularly associated with the city of Xi’an, the ancient capital and the starting point of the Silk Road.

Rou Jia Mo Styles

While the basic concept remains the same, there are some regional and stylistic variations:

• La Zhi Rou Jia Mo (腊汁肉夹馍): This is the most common and classic type. The meat (usually pork belly) is stewed for hours in a flavorful broth containing spices and herbs, resulting in tender, juicy meat. The mo is typically a “bai ji mo” (白吉馍), a dense, white bread baked in a clay oven.
• Tujia Shao Bing Rou Jia Mo (土家烧饼夹肉): This style uses a “shao bing” (烧饼), a flaky, layered flatbread, similar to a biscuit. The meat filling can vary.
• Beef Rou Jia Mo (牛肉夹馍): In some areas, especially in the Muslim Quarter of Xi’an, you’ll find versions with stewed beef, reflecting the local culinary influences.

Why Do People Love Rou Jia Mo?

• Flavorful Meat: The slow-cooked meat is incredibly tender and flavorful, offering a rich and savory taste.
• Satisfying Texture: The combination of the soft, juicy meat and the slightly chewy or flaky bread provides a satisfying textural contrast.
• Convenience: Rou jia mo is a portable and convenient snack or meal, perfect for on-the-go eating.
• Affordability: It’s a relatively inexpensive and accessible street food.

Where to Try Rou Jia Mo in Xi’an

Muslim Quarter

• The bustling Muslim Quarter is filled with vendors selling authentic rou jia mo
• Many stalls offer both pork and beef versions
• Look for places with long lines of locals

Other Notable Locations

• Huimin Street: Known for traditional beef rou jia mo
• Bell Tower Area: Several well-known establishments
• Local Markets: Often have excellent, no-frills versions

Tips for Enjoying Rou Jia Mo

• Best enjoyed hot and fresh
• Look for places that prepare the meat and bread fresh
• The bread should be crispy on the outside and chewy inside
• Don’t be afraid to try different meat options
• Some vendors offer spicy versions - ask if you prefer mild